Minor members of the solar system

Asteroids be weensy rocky bodies that have been likened to flying mountains. The largest, Ceres, is about snow0 kilometers in diameter, but most are only about 1 kilometer across. The smallest asteroids are assumed to be no larger than grains of sand. Most asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. They have orbital periods of three to half a dozen years. Some asteroids have very eccentric orbits and travel very close to the sun, and a few larger ones regularly pass close to ground and the moon.Many of the most recent impact craters on the moon and Earth were probably caused by collisions with asteroids. Many asteroids have irregular shapes. Because of this, planetary geologists first speculated that they might be fragments of a broken planet that once orbited between Mars and Jupiter. Others have hypothe sized that several larger bodies once coexisted in close proximity, and their collisions produced numerous smaller ones. The existence of several families of aster oids has been used to support this explanation. COMETS Comets are the shining wanderers of the solar system.With their glowing tails that may stretch 100 million kilometers through space. Most comets reside in the outer fringes of the solar system, far beyond Pluto. For all their apparent size in the sky, comets are rattling fairly small objects. When a comet begins its trip down past the Sun, it is probably a chunk of dreary ice, a mixture of rock dust and ice a few kilometers across, much smaller than the typical observed asteroid. As it speeds towards the Sun, the heat from the Sun evaporates the ice, and the gases indeed released blow dust particles outward from the solid clay or nucleus.Radiation from the Sun ionizes the released atoms, producing a tail that glows in the sky like a neon point the dust particles reflect sunlight and form another, smoother tail. But not all develop a tail that extends for millions of kilometers. The fact that the tail of a comet points away from the sun in a slightly veer manner led early astronomers to propose that the sun has a repulsive force that pushes the particles of the coma away, thus forming the tail. The tails seem white to the eye, but color photography reveals that the ionized gas tail is relentless and the dust tail yellow.The small nucleus, the only even near-permanent part of a comet, is surrounded by the coma or head of the comet, a large, hazy structure formed by the liberated gas and dust. Of the 100 billion comets that may exist, less than 1000 have been observed thus far as they pull in the long Journey down to the heat of the Sun. Halleys is one of the best-known and brightest comets others are the Oort cloud which are comets that place to be distributed in all directions trom the sun, torming a spherical shell around the solar system. METEOROIDS Often referred to as a shooting star.This streak of light occurs when a meteoroid enters the Earths atmosphere. A meteoroid is a small solid partic le that travels through space. Most meteoroids originate from any one of the following three sources (1) interplanetary debris that was not gravitationally swept up by the planets during the formation of the solar system (2) corporal from the asteroid belt, (3) The solid remains of comets that once traveled near Earths orbit. A few meteoroids are believed to be fragments of the moon, or possibly Mars, that were ejected when an asteroid impacted these bodies.Some meteoroids are as large as steroids. Most, however, are the size of sand grains. Consequently, they vaporize before reaching Earths originate. Those that do enter Earths atmosphere and burn up are called meteors. The light that we see is caused by friction between the particle and the air, which produces heat. Occasionally, meteor sightings can reach 60 or more per hour. These displays, called meteor showers, result when earth encounters a swarm of meteoroids traveling in the homogeneous direction and at nearly the same s peed as Earth. A meteoroid that actually reaches Earths surface is called a meteorite.